Outline and proposal of research paper

Outline





I. Introduction

A. Background Information

1. What is the manatee?

a. endangered manatee in Florida and other place

b. habitat and geography of manatee

2. what is meaning endangered?

a. species of endangered organisms

B. Nature of problem

1. manatee mortality has increased dramatically in recent years

(FDNR 1994)

2. reasons for the manatee endangered?

a. collision with boat -article

b. perinatal mortality – cold temperatures, premature births, pollution, death of nursing mothers due to collisions with boat

–Endangered species recovery(book). By Tim W. Clark

c. habitat degradation - book. By Tim W. Clark

3. Evidence that the manatee endangered

a. source- website?

b. ???

II. Thesis : The endangered manatee is in serious trouble in Florida, and three things should be done about it.

III. Main Arguments

A. speed of boat should reduce to protect collision

- the rental business VS environmentists

B. laws should be made and strictly enforced to protect the manatee

1. listed as endangered by state and federal government

2.panalty

C. recovery program

1. what is recovery program?

2. how to work program?

IV. Conclusion


Proposal

I became interested in the endangered manatee in Florida after reading several articles and a book about it. As the manatees are one of the endangered species, they are found year-round throughout the Florida and other place. The manatee move freely between fresh and salt water, usually occupying estuarine and riverine habitat.(Hartman 1979) The problem is that the manatee is an endangered specie. According to FDNR(1994), manatee mortality has increased dramatically in recent years. There are several reasons for this. According to Jay Cridirin(2004), one is that most of the deaths of manatee occur by collision with boats. That is related to the economic profit of people like boat rental business. Another reason is perinatal mortality due to cold temperatures, premature births, and other natural factors or human-related causes such as pollution and death of nursing mothers (Tim W. Clark, 1994). Finally, habitat degradation is occurred endangered manatee indirectly. The growth of Florida’s human population is a critical threat to the manatee.

I plan on writing that three things should be done about protection manatee in Florida. First, the speed of boats should reduce to protect collision. So, that would mean setting 25-mph speed limits and instituting idle-speed zones. Second, laws should be made and strictly enforced that will protect the endangered manatee in Florida and other place. Finally, FWS and Florida state government should activate the recovery program. The recovery program was initiated by FWS in 1976. and its goal is “to restore the Florida manatee as a viable self-sustaining element of its ecosystem”(p. 131). So, they should inform that endangered manatee is a serious problem and should protect it.

I have found a variety of articles, a book and website that give background information and solutions. I should find more articles and websites because I still need a lot of information to support logically.



Reference:

Tim. C, Richard. R, Alice. C(Ed.).(1994). Endangered Species Recovery: Finding the lessons, improving the process. pp.131-155.

Salinero, M.(2004. Dec, 19). Manatees, Others Could Exit Protected List. The Tampa Tribune. Retrieved 2005. Jan, 26.

fromhttp://web.lexisnexis.com/universe/document?_m=2ae3810bda50dcb725d96b326d547fcd&_docnum=4&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=48992a81879

Cridlin, J.(2004. Sep, 17). Zones for Manatee Protection Proposed. Company St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2005. Feb, 3.

Fromhttp://web.lexisnexis.com/universe/document?_m=b06427d9b6acb5c5a4f982e7dbf7af5f&_docnum=74&wchp=dGLbVtzzSkVA&_md5=2f6a0591735e013142e65d5dd296cf39